The blockage of adenosine receptors indirectly affects the release of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Caffeine binds to adenosine receptors, which in turn block the binding of adenosine to its receptor. In the brain, adenosine and adenosine receptors regulate the release of neurotransmitters and play an important role in the regulation of sleep, arousal, cognition, memory, and learning. Methylxanthine compounds, such as caffeine, can act as a competitive antagonist against the depressant effects of adenosine. The first mechanism of action for caffeine involves methylxanthine stimulating antagonism at the adenosine receptor level. The study concluded that caffeine consumption was linked to greater memory retention in rats however, the consumption of caffeine was not related to memory acquisition. The rats in this study were either given caffeine immediately after training, 30 minutes before training, or 30 minutes before they were to be tested in the maze. tested the effects of caffeine on memory in rats using the Morris water maze task. The effects of caffeine consumption on cognitive function have been demonstrated across several studies involving humans and animals. These effects are responsible for the influence caffeine has on cognitive function. Caffeine has three notable mechanisms of action on the CNS that produces a psychostimulant effect. We sought to review the mechanism of action that caffeine has on the brain, as well as look at recently reported studies investigating the effects of caffeine on users, specifically with outcomes of mood, memory, processing speed, and attentiveness.Ĭaffeine is classified as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and an organic molecule called methylxanthine. With so many people around the world consuming caffeine daily, it is of vital importance to study the effect that this drug has on people’s cognitive function. Caffeine has also been found to lower the consumer’s anxiety levels and improve their hedonic tone when consumed in small doses. In addition, caffeine has been shown to improve performance in tasks upon which the working memory is dependent on to an extent. Caffeine has been shown in studies to help enable the learning and memory of tasks in which information is passively presented. Caffeine consumption affects the cognitive function of its consumers in a variety of different ways. According to the Washington Post (2015), two billion cups of coffee are consumed per day worldwide. Current findings warrant continued research on the association of caffeine and the resultant effects on cognitive function.Ĭaffeine is one of the world’s most consumed drugs, and is consumed in various forms such as coffee, energy drinks, soda, or chocolate. The majority of the studies reviewed suggest caffeine as having a significant positive effect on both short and long-term memory in adults and the elderly. Studies did not support caffeine as having any significant effect on attention, but that it did play a role in enhancing processing speed. Current research suggests that if caffeine does have an effect on mood, the most significant changes may be anxiety. The findings of recent studies show mixed results regarding the effects of caffeine on mood, attention, processing speed, and memory. This literature review provides useful insights on this question through the analysis of caffeine’s effects on cognitive function, along with information on caffeine’s three modes of action. With the immense number of people consuming caffeine around the world, it is of vital importance to study the effects that this drug has on people’s cognitive function. These effects are responsible for the effect that caffeine has on cognitive function. Caffeine has three notable mechanisms of action on the CNS that produce a psychostimulant effect. Caffeine is classified as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and an organic molecule called methylxanthine. 7, 2020.Caffeine is one of the world’s most consumed drugs. Pure and highly concentrated caffeine.Benefits and risks of caffeine and caffeinated beverages. In: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Complete Food and Nutrition Guide. Spilling the beans: How much caffeine is too much.Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans.Journal of the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. adults based on the NHANES 2007-2012 surveys. Daily patterns of caffeine intake and the association of intake with multiple sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in U.S.
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